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Kobe Formation

Kobe Fm


Period: 
Permian

Age Interval: 
Early Permian (Asselian-Kungurian)


Province: 
SouthAfrica-Namibia-Botswana

Type Locality and Naming

Kalahari Basin (SW). As with the overlying Kule and Otshe formations, it does not naturally outcrop and was formally defined from subsurface borehole cores by the Botswana Geological Survey.

Synonym:


Lithology and Thickness

Dominated by a thick sequence of dark grey to black carbonaceous shales, mudstones, and subordinate siltstones. It is further divided into Ncojane Member. It is the basal sandstone sequence of the Ecca Gr in Botswana, lying directly at the base of the mudrock-dominated Kobe Fm. The Ncojane Member consists of fine- to medium-grained sandstones.


Lithology Pattern: 
Claystone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Typically, conformably overlies the basal Ecca sandy/silty units (such as the Khuis Fm) or, where those are absent, rests directly upon the glaciogenic diamictites of the Dwyka Gr equivalents (Malogong Fm).

Upper contact

Conformably and transitionally overlain by the coarser-grained, coal-bearing fluvio-deltaic sequences of the Otshe Fm.

Regional extent

Widespread across the subsurface of the Gemsbok Sub-basin in southwestern Botswana. Middle Ecca Gr equivalent. It chronostratigraphically correlates with the Whitehill and Collingham Fm, and Tierberg Fm in the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa. Ncojane Member is the direct Botswana equivalent of the highly important Nossob Sandstone Member (which belongs to the Prince Albert Fm in Namibia/South Africa). Because of this direct correlation across the border, some modern hydrogeological reports for the Stampriet Artesian Basin simply refer to the Ncojane unit as the "Nossob" or "Lower Kobe Sandstone."


GeoJSON

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Fossils


Age 

Early Permian (Asselian-Kungurian)

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Asselian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.1

    Beginning date (Ma): 
298.35

    Ending stage: 
Kungurian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
274.37

Depositional setting

Deep-water, low-energy, anoxic lacustrine or restricted inland sea environment.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

From the O. Catuneanu et al. / Journal of African Earth Sciences 43 (2005) 211–253; Smith, R. A. (1984): The lithostratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in Botswana. Geological Survey of Botswana; Key, R. M., et al. (1998): The stratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in Botswana.